Types of Vasculitis

Inflammation of the lining of arteries, most often those in the head, especially the temporal. Usually affects people over 50. Can cause severe headaches, jaw pain, and vision loss if untreated. Treated with high-dose corticosteroids.

A rare form affecting the aorta and its major branches. Most common in young women, particularly in Asia. Can cause reduced blood flow to arms and legs. Close monitoring is critical during pregnancy for affected women.

Affects medium-sized arteries and can damage the skin, kidneys, nerves, and intestines. Can be associated with hepatitis B. Symptoms include skin nodules, joint pain, and abdominal pain.

Primarily affects children under 5. Causes inflammation in the walls of medium-sized arteries, including coronary arteries, and can lead to heart complications if not treated promptly with IVIG and aspirin.

Previously known as Wegener's granulomatosis. Affects small and medium vessels, commonly in the nose, sinuses, lungs, and kidneys. An ANCA-associated vasculitis treated with immunosuppression.

Affects small blood vessels, commonly in the kidneys and lungs. An ANCA-associated vasculitis that can cause rapidly progressive kidney disease and pulmonary haemorrhage requiring urgent treatment.

Previously known as Churg-Strauss syndrome. Associated with asthma and high eosinophil count, affecting small to medium vessels. Managed with corticosteroids and biologics like mepolizumab.

The most common vasculitis in children. Causes palpable purpura (raised red-purple spots), joint pain, and can affect kidneys and intestines. Often self-limiting in children but may persist in adults.

Associated with abnormal proteins (cryoglobulins) that clump in cold temperatures and damage small blood vessels. Often linked to hepatitis C infection. Presents with purpura, joint pain, and kidney disease.

Primarily limited to the skin, causing palpable purpura, skin ulcers, and nodules. Often triggered by infections, medications, or systemic diseases. Usually self-limiting and managed conservatively.

Causes inflammation of blood vessels throughout the body. Characterised by recurrent oral and genital ulcers, eye inflammation (uveitis), and skin lesions. More common in Middle Eastern and Asian populations.

A rare genetic disorder involving mutations in the ADA2 gene causing enzyme deficiency, resulting in systemic inflammation and immune dysregulation. Can mimic PAN and cause strokes in young patients.

A rare autoimmune disease characterised by eye inflammation (interstitial keratitis) and inner ear disease, potentially causing deafness. Can affect large vessels similar to Takayasu's arteritis.